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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">12.9、1602液晶简单显示程序</h1>
        

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        <p>1602 液晶手册提供了一个初始化过程，由于不检测“忙”位，所以程序比较复杂，而我们总结了一个更加简易方便的过程提供给大家，手册上描述的那个，大家仅仅作为了解就可以了，下面我把程序写出来大家看下，我们的初始化只用了 4 条语句，没有像手册介绍的那么繁琐。</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#include &lt;reg52.h&gt;</span><br><span class="line">#define LCD1602_DB P0</span><br><span class="line">sbit LCD1602_RS = P1^0;</span><br><span class="line">sbit LCD1602_RW = P1^1;</span><br><span class="line">sbit LCD1602_E = P1^5;</span><br><span class="line">void InitLcd1602();</span><br><span class="line">void LcdShowStr(unsigned char x, unsigned char y, unsigned char *str);</span><br><span class="line">void main()&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    unsigned char str[] = &quot;Kingst Studio&quot;;</span><br><span class="line">    InitLcd1602();</span><br><span class="line">    LcdShowStr(2, 0, str);</span><br><span class="line">    LcdShowStr(0, 1, &quot;Welcome to KST51&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">    while (1);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">    /* 等待液晶准备好 */</span><br><span class="line">void LcdWaitReady()&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    unsigned char sta;</span><br><span class="line">    LCD1602_DB = 0xFF;</span><br><span class="line">    LCD1602_RS = 0;</span><br><span class="line">    LCD1602_RW = 1;</span><br><span class="line">    do &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        LCD1602_E = 1;</span><br><span class="line">        sta = LCD1602_DB; //读取状态字</span><br><span class="line">        LCD1602_E = 0;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;while (sta &amp; 0x80); //bit7 等于 1 表示液晶正忙，重复检测直到其等于 0 为止</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">/* 向 LCD1602 液晶写入一字节命令，cmd-待写入命令值 */</span><br><span class="line">void LcdWriteCmd(unsigned char cmd)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    LcdWaitReady();</span><br><span class="line">    LCD1602_RS = 0;</span><br><span class="line">    LCD1602_RW = 0;</span><br><span class="line">    LCD1602_DB = cmd;</span><br><span class="line">    LCD1602_E = 1;</span><br><span class="line">    LCD1602_E = 0;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">/* 向 LCD1602 液晶写入一字节数据，dat-待写入数据值 */</span><br><span class="line">void LcdWriteDat(unsigned char dat)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    LcdWaitReady();</span><br><span class="line">    LCD1602_RS = 1;</span><br><span class="line">    LCD1602_RW = 0;</span><br><span class="line">    LCD1602_DB = dat;</span><br><span class="line">    LCD1602_E = 1;</span><br><span class="line">    LCD1602_E = 0;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">/* 设置显示 RAM 起始地址，亦即光标位置，(x,y)-对应屏幕上的字符坐标 */</span><br><span class="line">void LcdSetCursor(unsigned char x, unsigned char y)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    unsigned char addr;</span><br><span class="line">    if (y == 0)&#123; //由输入的屏幕坐标计算显示 RAM 的地址</span><br><span class="line">        addr = 0x00 + x; //第一行字符地址从 0x00 起始</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;else&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        addr = 0x40 + x; //第二行字符地址从 0x40 起始</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    LcdWriteCmd(addr | 0x80); //设置 RAM 地址</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">/* 在液晶上显示字符串，(x,y)-对应屏幕上的起始坐标，str-字符串指针 */</span><br><span class="line">void LcdShowStr(unsigned char x, unsigned char y, unsigned char *str)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    LcdSetCursor(x, y); //设置起始地址</span><br><span class="line">    while (*str != &apos;\0&apos;)&#123; //连续写入字符串数据，直到检测到结束符</span><br><span class="line">        LcdWriteDat(*str++); //先取 str 指向的数据，然后 str 自加 1</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">/* 初始化 1602 液晶 */</span><br><span class="line">void InitLcd1602()&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    LcdWriteCmd(0x38); //16*2 显示，5*7 点阵，8 位数据接口</span><br><span class="line">    LcdWriteCmd(0x0C); //显示器开，光标关闭</span><br><span class="line">    LcdWriteCmd(0x06); //文字不动，地址自动+1</span><br><span class="line">    LcdWriteCmd(0x01); //清屏</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>程序中有详细的注释，结合本节前面的讲解，大家自己分析下，掌握 1602 液晶的基本操作函数。LcdWriteDat(*str++)这行语句中对指针 str 的操作大家一定要理解透彻，先把 str指向的数据取出来用，然后 str 再加 1 以指向下一个数据，这是非常常用的一种简写方式。另外关于本程序还有几点值得提一下：</p>
<ul>
<li>首先，我们把程序所有的功能都使用函数模块化了，这样非常有利于程序的维护，不管要写一个什么样的功能，只要调用相应的函数就可以了，大家注意学习这种编程方法。</li>
<li>其次，我们使用液晶的习惯，也是用数学上的(x,y)坐标来进行屏幕定位，但与数学坐标系不同的是，液晶的左上角的坐标是 x=0，y=0，往右边是 x+偏移，下边是 y+偏移。</li>
<li>第三，第一次接触多个参数传递的函数，而且还带了指针类型的参数，所以多留心熟悉一下。</li>
<li>第四，读写数据和指令程序，每次都必须进行“忙”判断。</li>
<li>第五，领略一下指针在这个地方的巧妙用法，你可以尝试不用指针改写程序试试，感受一下指针的优势。</li>
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